Yuzu

Citrus ichangensis × C. reticulata var. austera


UCR citrus pages
Wikipedia 
Citrus pages  

Yuzu or citrus junos.  This hybrid has been recreated more than once, Sudachi has the same parent species, Liudmila is from a cross with sweet mandarin.  The original Yuzu cross goes back centuries. Ichang papeda crossed with a sour mandarin.  It is used like a lemon, however the flavor is more complex with grapefruit overtones.  Apparently it comes mostly true from seed.  

After experiencing 8°F, -13°C, some stem dieback.

Juanita Tangerine

Arose from a seed taken out of a supermarket tangerine by Juanita Barrineau of Barrineau, South Carolina.[4]  The original tree came about when Juanita stuck the seed into a pot that already had a houseplant growing in it. The houseplant died, but the seedling flourished and was planted outdoors. The resulting tree amazingly survived 0F (-18C) in 1985 and continues to bear about five bushels of fruit each year to this day. The tree and the fruit resembles a Dancy Tangerine. The tree grows in an upright habit with few thorns. The fruit is typical for Dancy.  The pulp is a nice orange color, tender and very sweet and of excellent quality.[1]  Similar description [2]   

Original tree died in the severe winter of 2013-2014

Fruit is about 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter, oblate with small radial furrows at the stem end.  It also ripens in the Southeast by Thanksgiving, well ahead of Dancy. [3] page 28

Spring 2017 had warm weather followed by very cold weather.  Juanita lost many leaves and was obviously less hardy than Changsha, 10 Degree Tangerine and Thomasville Citrangequat.  Data is listed towards bottom of Hardiness Tables.  

Ichang Lemon

1/2 Ichang papeda and 1/2 Pummelo

Citrus ichangensis x C. grandis (maxima)
 
Ichang Lemon is remarkably cold tolerant considering it's Pummelo parent.

Ichang lemon is a cross from China of Citrus ichangensis and C. grandis, the pummelo. It is also called Shangjuan, which means “fragrant ball” in Chinese, it is a heavy bearer of yellow grapefruit sized fruit. It has rough skinned fruit with many seeds.   Each fruit can yield up to ½ cup of juice, used fresh or for cooking and desserts... Some think the juice makes a better flavored pie than lemons.   

Claims for hardiness vary.  It is considered hardy down to 5°F, -15°C to 10°F, -12°C[1]  Others say 10 degrees [2] or 20 [3]
It should not be hardier than Ichang papeda parent which is hardy to 15°F, -9°C, which, if fully dormant may be hardy to 10°F, -12°C or even 5°F, -15°C [4]
It grows well in Central Alabama [5]

Fruit quality[6]

Orangequat

1/2 mandarin (satsuma), 1/2 kumquat

The Nippon orangequat was described in 1934.  Citrus reticulata x (C. japonica x C. margarita 'Meiwa') 

The flavor is mild with sour pulp. 

The Calamondin is a probable orangequat also.[1] 

There is also a variety named Indio mandarinquat.  The flavor is stronger, edible kumquat type skin, acid interior.

Note the green seeds from kumquat background. Hardiness similar to Satsuma at 12°F, -11°C  Video [2] or 10°F, -12°C[3]

Morton Citrange

I/2 Poncirus, 1/2 orange

C. trifoliata x C. sinensis 'Ruby'

Morton Citrange is one of a number of seedlings from the same fruit.  A "cross was made by applying pollen of the sweet orange to a properly bagged flower of the trifoliate orange and from a crossed fruit so secured a dozen hybrid seedlings developed, among them the Colman, Morton, Savage, Rustic, Etonia, Norton, Phelps and Sanford citranges" [1]  Based on pollination comments and time of first fruiting, this cross was made in the period between 1896 to 1899.[2] pp. 221,222. 

 

The fruit of the Morton citrange is so similar to an ordinary orange that the two would not be distinguished by an ordinary observer.  The former differs from the latter only in bneing slightly lighter in color and having a slight indications of lobing.  This does not detract from its appearance, which is equal to that of an good ordinary orange .  The fruit has been tested by several different persons familiar with oranges and the orange industry, and all, without exception,  considering its hardiness, pronounce it a vary valuable and desirable fruit.  It is more sour than the ordinary sweet orange, but some so-called sweet oranges are sold in the market which are as sour as the Morton citrange.  It s has a pleasant characteristic flavor, with a very slight bitter taste, and served with sugar it will be found to be a good breakfast fruit,.  The rather firm membrane separating the segments allow the pulp to be easily extracted with a spoon.[3] p. 278

Photos of a 20 ft (6 m) tall Morton tree.[4]

Hardy to  5°F, -15°C

Yuzuquat

Yuzuquat

Is a cross between the Nameiwa (Nagami X Meiwa kumquat) X Yuzu, made in the late 1960's by William B. Chapman....The original tree has survived several very severe freezes, which had sub-freezing temperature in the 100+ hour range, with minimum temperatures in the single digits Fahrenheit...
Fruit-Large Kumquat size...Flavor of the fruit tends to be sour, with not much bitterness or sweetness...Fruit set in April is ripe by late August and stores well on the tree for several months. [1] p.15

Dragon Lime

Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa  (Flying Dragon) x Unknown citrus

A better tasting 50% Poncirus hybrid.  

George McAfee, Houston got his plant from Buddingman at the Nafex show in Houston Tx many years ago. He named it Dragon Lime. The original tree was a seedling at Treesearch farm, Houston Tx.[1]   It was found in a group of Flying Dragon seedlings, thus the female parent was a Poncirus.  The fruit is the size of a small orange.[2 page 16]

Unifoliate leaves, Flying Dragon style branches.

Mixed reviews on flavor, some people think it tastes terrible  [3], others enjoy it.  Fully ripe it tastes like an unripened grapefruit [1], or limeade [4].  Apparently It should be eaten while still green.  

Dragon Lime fruit nurseryman  Stan Mckenzie is growing

Dimicelli

1/2 Poncirus,  1/2 Clementine
or
1/4 Poncirus, 1/4 Temple, 1/2 Clementine

'The common tangerine is the hardiest of the dessert citrus, and was a possible source of genetic material.  The first attempt was Clementine x P. trifoliata, and these survived, at least in Franklin at 0°F (-17.8°C)and in Houstion at 5°F (-15°C)to fruit following the freeze of 1989.  They seem to be hardy to five degree above zero.  Several siblings, 'Dimicelli', 'Backyard' and 'Hardy Fruitful 90 have received the dignity of names.' [1]  page 14

'Is Ciclem #3 (if I remember correctly which is another cross of Citemple x Clementine like Ciclem #10).'  (personal correspondence)

The leaf type suggests the latter. 

Seedlings are at least partially zygotic with differing leaf shapes (but not trifoliate) and varying cold hardiness.

(Clem x Tri) x Clem

1/4 Poncirus 3/4 Clementine.

Outstanding hardy citrus. The tree is unifoliate for the most part, pretty much thornless and produces a fruit about the size of clementine with incredible contrasts. The skin of the fruit is a bright deep orange but when you cut into the fruit it is lime green. It's flavor is lime-like (with a little imagination) but with very little or no off flavors. It gives Dragon Lime a run for its money but it does have way more seeds.[1]

CiClem #10 aka Golden lime Citrandarin

1/2 Poncirus, 1/2 Clementine

A Citrandarin.  Developed by John Brown of Texas. As the CiClem name implies, it was one of a number of crosses with Clementine mandarin, which readily sets hybrids. This particular cultivar has fruit the size of an egg with light orange flesh and is sometimes called the golden lime. When diluted with an equal amount of water the juice makes a good limeade drink. The tree is spreading and large with few thorns on bearing wood. Flavor: Sour lime, some off-flavors, fair to good quality. [1][2] p. 21

U.S. 119

1/4 poncirus, 1/4 grapefruit, and 1/2 orange

[(C. paradisi `Duncan' × C. trifoliata `Gotha Road') × C. sinensis `Succory'][2] .
 
sweet with trace poncirus bitterness

supposedly hardy to 10°F, young trees injured in low 20s [1]


Gotha Road is a vigorous selection of P. trifoliata that is moderately susceptible to Phytophora [3]

Succory is an acidless orange popular in Egypt [4]

Developed specifically for virus and cold resistance, US119 originated from a cross of T9R80, an F₁ selection of Citrus paradisi cv. Duncan X Poncirus trifoliata, and C. sinensis cv. Succory. Trees are moderately vigorous with dense, dark-green foliage of predominantly unifoliate leaves which are highly resistant to freeze injury. Fruits are sweet orange-like, globose, 70 mm in diameter, weigh 165 g and have a 3 mm thick rind. Flesh is fine textured and firm. At maturity in late November juice samples have soluble solids concentrations ranging from 12.0 to 17.2% and titratable acidity from 0.63 to 0.81%. Fruit flavour is similar to sweet orange but does not match it in overall quality. US119 has survived estimated winter temperatures of -12.2°C. It is highly resistant to citrus tristeza closterovirus and can transmit resistance to progeny in crosses with both resistant and susceptible clones.[5]

Fruit have tendency to split when near ripe and excess rainfall.

Banana Mango taste? [6]
At the November 2017 Southeastern Citrus Expo there was a brief discussion about the taste of US119.  US119 has a unique taste, and a well known collector of hardy citrus said it was his favorite.  It has complex flavors, including mango. 

Glen Citrangedin

1/4 Poncirus, 1/4 orange, and 1/2 calamondin

has no Poncirus bitterness
hardy to 10°F [1] p. 22

Cross made by Dr. Swingle in 1909 in Glen St. Mary, Fl.

He writes "The calamondin has been utilized in a number of hybrids, the most promising of them being one in which it was pollinated with pollen of the Willits citrange.  This citrange, which has been previously described, is itself a hybrid, resulting from pollinating the Japanese trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata) with pollen of the common sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).  The citranges are as a class the hardiest of all evergreen citrus varieties or hybrids, but the fruit usually retains an objectionable quantity of musky oil, derived from the trifoliate parent, that necessitates special precaution in using the rather acid fruits for "ade" or preserves.  Most of the hybrids in which the citranges has been utilized have traces of this flavor-- much reduced, however, as in the Thomasville citrangequat, a hybrid of the oval kumquat (fortunella margarita) and the Willits citrange.  By hybridizing the Willits citrange with the calamondin, however, a fruit has been produced that is fully as hardy as the citrange parent but entirely free from the pungent oil usually associated with hybrids of trifoliate orange ancestry.  The tree, however, so closely resembles the common calamondin that some doubt might be raised as to the hybrid nature of the plant but for the occurrence of trifoliate leaves, especially in the juvenile stages" [2] p. 24

Glen citrangedin has the sour of Calamondin that has been kicked up a notch but lacks the pleasant scent and sweet peel. It is a pretty fruit though as they get a very deep orange bordering on red. (citrus.forumup.org)

My Notes: Compared to Thomasville, it is much less hardy and slower growing. Taste is more sour and less pleasant than Calamondin, no poncirus flavors.

Plants may not come true from seed.  Unique notches on several leaves in left picture. Both photographs are taken from the same plant.  Plants are slow growing.

MIC

1/4 grapefruit, 1/4 tangerine, 1/4 Ichangensis, 1/8 Temple orange (sweet orange x mandarin), and 1/8 Poncirus 

Small, and fairly seedy, but with excellent mandarin flavor. Flavor is good.[3]

A complex hybrid probably  by Dr. Brown.  The name is taken from the crossing label
Minneola(aka Honeybell) x C. Ichangensis x CiTemple Edible

So the crossing order would be:
(Duncan grapefruit x Dancy tangerine) x (Ichang papeda x (Poncirus x Temple tangerine))[1]

(C. paradisi 'Duncan' x C. reticulata 'Dancy') 'Minneola' x (C. ichangensis x (C. trifoliata x (C. reticulata x C. sinensis 'Temple') 'CiTemple Edible'))

Minneola is a hybrid of Duncan grapefruit and Dancy tangerine produced in Florida by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and named and released in 1931 [2]

Thomasville Citrangequat

1/2 Kumquat, 1/4 Poncirus, and 1/4 Orange

Has minimal Poncirus bitterness
can survive 5°F, -15°C

 
When the fruit in the second picture was picked. it was about 8 months old at the time.  The fruit was seedless.  It has a very agreeable taste. High acid, brix is 9.8

When fully ripened at about 10 months, the fruit tastes very much like a kumquat, the skin and pulp are sweet, brix of 13.4.  Slightly tart, with kumquat aftertaste.

It is an Oval kumquat and Willitscitrange hybrid (Citrus japonica . 'Nagami' x (Citrus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis  'Ruby')

It was an early breeding attempt to develop a cold-hardy variety. It first fruited in Thomasville, Ga., and is a prolific bearer of kumquat-orange-flavored fruit. Established trees may grow to 15 feet in height and can survive temperatures as low as 5 degrees.[1]

It becomes edible when fully mature, though it is relatively seedy. It is very juicy, valued for eating fresh.  Most people commented that it is a poor lime substitute, but the best one for a cold climate.

The cross was made in 1909, and the variety was named and described in 1923. Fruit medium-small, globose to oval; colour yellow to orange-yellow.

The tree is very vigorous, upright and thorny. Leaves are variable but mainly trifoliate. Presumably because of the larger size and edibility of the fruit, it is much the most popular citrangequat variety.[2]

I have two trees labeled Thomasville.  The grafted one is not trifoliate or thorny, nor is it very seedy.  The flavor is very similar to kumquats.  I have another plant grown from seed that has mixed foliage type.  It seems to have a similar flavor.  They came from Stan McKenzie[3]  Thomasville have some zygotic seed and will cross pollinate, so unless the plants are clones of the original cross they may not be the same as the originally described tree.  Trifoliate leaves and thorns often occur on seedlings and during growth spurts of Poncirus hybrids, which then revert to thornless or reduced thorns and unifoliate leaves when the plants grow more slowly and/or mature.  

Sinton is an Oval kumquat and Rusk citrange hybrid first fruited at Sinton, Texas, and was named and described in 1923. It is an attractive ornamental and the fruit is beautifully coloured but highly acid.
 
Fruit is small, round to oval; often necked; colour deep reddish orange; sharply acid; nearly seedless.  Tree moderately vigorous, upright, nearly thornless; leaves mainly unifolilate. [2]

Willits citrange is a result of crossing Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) with a 'Ruby' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis cv. 'Ruby'). The cross was made by W.T. Swingle at the USDA in 1913. (actually this cross was made before 1899 [4])

9/24/2015
Thomasville is the most viewed variety on this blog.   Let me know what your plant looks like.

Summer flowers

Prolific flower buds, small thorns, unifoliate leaf

Seedling with variable leaf type

SanCitChang

Parents: 1/8 Poncirus, 1/8 Orange, 1/4 Pummelo, and 1/2 Satsuma (mandarin).
Breeder: Dr. Brown
Flavor:  Good, but there is little information.  Personal taste: no bitterness, not very sweet, enjoyable.

SanCitChang is the name given to a set of hybrids made by Dr John Brown.  It was created from open pollinated seed from Sanford Citrange crossed with Changsha mandarin.  He assumed that the Sanford Citrange seedling was crossed with Pummelo.  .

Dr Brown describes his work:
“...the citranges Phelps and Sanford were the only two of Dr. Swingle’s hybrids that were monoembryonic. ...These seedlings produced two important progeny.  The first, an extra vigorous tree with dark green, larger leaves came to be called ‘Sanford F2' citrummelo.  Both were very mono-embryonic as parents in later breeding experiments.  The citrummelo was assumed to be a hybrid with grapefruit or pummelo, hence the name, and produced beautiful yellow fruit, of smooth skin, fair size and delicious odor externally, but terrible flavor, as bad as the worst of the F2 citranges, such as Sanford itself. 

SanCit is the name given to hybrids of Sanford citrumello seedlings [1]


((hardy orange x orange 'Ruby') x unknown pummelo)) x Changsha satsuma

(Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis 'Ruby') x Citrus grandis) x (Citrus reticulata 'Changsha').

However the hybrids may be without the Pummelo, (Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis) x (Citrus reticulata) as he states here.  “Complex hybrids are now being produced, such as the Sancitchang, a cross between the Sanford Citrange (a trifoliate X orange cross) and a Changsha Tangerine” [2]

Sanford Citrange

Sanford Citrange is a cross between Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sinensis. "Eleven different citranges - Norton, Morton, Sanford, Willitts, Phelps, Coleman, Saunders, Cunningham, and Etonia - were grown from seeds of a single fruit of P. trifoliata crossed with pollen from a single flower of ruby sweet orange (Swingle 1913)."[3] 

This cross was made before 1899 [4]

"by applying pollen of the sweet orange to a properly bagged flower of the trifoliate orange and from a crossed fruit so secured a dozen hybrid seedlings developed, among them the Coleman, Morton, Savage, Rustic, Etonia, Norton, Phelps and Sanford citranges...  Only two citranges, the Phelps and the Sanford, are known to produce regularly numerous true F2 seedlings."[5]


One of the crosses is named "SanCitChang #10 Roundleaf.  It is a very attractive plant with an unusual leaf shape unlike any other citrus listed here. Instead of the usual elliptical leaf with a pointed tip, this hybrid between the Sanford citrange and Changsha mandarin has a leaf that is nearly round. It produces a bumpy orange fruit that looks like a tangerine and is reputed to be sweet. It has proven hardy as far north as Dallas, Texas but there are no fruiting specimens yet in the Southeast. There are several other SanCitChang cultivars, but the #10 appears to be the best tasting. All should be hardy in zone 8 [6]

Changsha Mandarin
Changsha Mandarin is hardy to 12º [6]
 

One year old

1-1 There were no thorns until the latest growth spurt

1-2  The most vigorous?  March 26 thorns are same size as 1-1, widest petioles.  On Unifoliate

F2 plants from Citrus grandis x C. trifoliata.  Attractive and rapidly growing.  No flowers or fruit yet.

Pentfoliate

Pentfoliate leaf on probable tetraploid Swingle plant

This plant was out all winter on the ground under a protected Owari 

Satsuma.  There is also a unifoliate leaf.